Complete First Aid & Fire Safety Manual

Complete Emergency Reference

This manual covers:

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
Choking emergencies
Severe bleeding control
Burns treatment
Shock management
Fractures and sprains
Stroke and heart attack recognition
Seizure response
Fire safety and emergency response
Fire extinguisher types & color codes
First aid kit essentials

⚠️ Disclaimer:

This manual is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical training or emergency medical services. Always call emergency services in serious situations.

First Aid Procedures

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) arrow_forward

Choking arrow_forward

Severe Bleeding arrow_forward

Burns arrow_forward

Shock arrow_forward

Fractures & Sprains arrow_forward

Primary Survey (DRABC) arrow_forward

Stroke Recognition arrow_forward

Heart Attack arrow_forward

Seizures arrow_forward

Fire Safety

Fire Safety & Emergency Response arrow_forward

Fire Extinguisher Types & Color Codes arrow_forward

Kitchen Fire Emergencies arrow_forward

First Aid Kit Essentials arrow_forward

Emergency Numbers - South Africa arrow_forward

favorite CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Push hard and fast on the chest centre (100-120 compressions/min), give 2 rescue breaths after every 30 compressions. Continue until help arrives.

CAB - Remember This Sequence!

C - Compressions (30 chest compressions)

A - Airway (Open the airway)

B - Breathing (2 rescue breaths)

Check for responsiveness and breathing

Call emergency services immediately (10177 or 112)

Place heel of hand on centre of chest, other hand on top

Push hard and fast - 5cm deep, 100-120 per minute

After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths

Continue until help arrives or person responds

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Sing "Stayin' Alive" by the Bee Gees to maintain the correct compression rhythm!

warning

If untrained or uncomfortable with rescue breaths, perform hands-only CPR (compressions only). Any CPR is better than no CPR.

air Choking

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

If person can't cough, speak, or breathe: give 5 back blows, then 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich). Repeat until object comes out.

5-AND-5 Approach

5 - Back Blows (between shoulder blades)

AND - Check if object expelled

5 - Abdominal Thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre)

Ask "Are you choking?" - if they can't speak, act immediately

Stand behind person, lean them forward slightly

Give 5 sharp back blows between shoulder blades

If still choking, give 5 abdominal thrusts (fist above navel, pull inward and upward)

Alternate between 5 back blows and 5 thrusts until object dislodges

warning

For pregnant women or obese individuals, use chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts.

bloodtype Severe Bleeding

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Apply direct pressure with clean cloth. Keep pressing. Don't remove cloth if it soaks through - add more on top. Elevate if possible.

STOP - Control Bleeding Fast

S - Sit or lay person down

T - Tension/pressure applied directly

O - Over wound, use clean cloth

P - Press firmly and continuously

Protect yourself - wear gloves if available

Apply firm, direct pressure with clean cloth

Maintain pressure for at least 10 minutes

Add more cloth on top if it soaks through (don't remove first cloth)

Elevate injured area above heart level if possible

Secure with bandage once bleeding slows

local_fire_department Burns

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Cool the burn with cool running water for 10-20 minutes. Cover loosely with clean cloth. Don't use ice, butter, or ointments.

COOL - Burn Treatment

C - Cool with running water (10-20 min)

O - Off - remove jewellery/tight items

O - Over - cover loosely with clean cloth

L - Leave blisters intact, seek medical help for severe burns

Remove person from heat source safely

Cool burn with cool (not ice cold) running water for 10-20 minutes

Remove jewellery and tight clothing near burn (before swelling)

Cover with loose, sterile bandage or clean cloth

Take over-the-counter pain reliever if needed

warning

Never use ice, butter, oils, or ointments on burns. Don't pop blisters. Seek immediate medical attention for large or deep burns.

emergency Shock

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Lay person down, elevate legs 30cm, keep warm, don't give food/water. Call emergency services immediately.

SHOCK - Recognition & Response

S - Skin pale, cold, clammy

H - Heart rate rapid and weak

O - Overall weakness, confusion

C - Call emergency services

K - Keep person lying down, legs elevated

Call emergency services immediately (10177 or 112)

Lay person flat on their back

Elevate legs about 30cm (unless injury prevents it)

Keep person warm with blanket or coat

Do NOT give food or water

Monitor breathing and pulse until help arrives

healing Fractures & Sprains

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Don't move the injured area. Apply ice (wrapped in cloth) for 20 minutes. Immobilise with splint. Elevate if possible. Seek medical attention.

RICE - For Sprains & Strains

R - Rest the injured area

I - Ice for 20 minutes (wrapped in cloth)

C - Compression with elastic bandage

E - Elevate above heart level

Don't move or straighten the injured limb

Immobilise the area with splint (use rigid material like board or rolled newspaper)

Apply ice wrapped in cloth for 20 minutes

Elevate injured area if possible

Seek medical attention for evaluation and proper treatment

warning

Never try to realign a bone. Don't apply ice directly to skin. If bone breaks through skin, cover with sterile dressing and call emergency services.

checklist Primary Survey (DRABC)

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

First thing in ANY emergency: check for Danger, check Response, open Airway, check Breathing, check Circulation. Follow this order every time.

DRABC - Your First 5 Checks

D - Danger: Is the area safe for you and the victim?

R - Response: Is the person conscious? Tap and shout

A - Airway: Is airway open and clear?

B - Breathing: Is person breathing normally?

C - Circulation: Check for pulse and severe bleeding

lightbulb

Always do DRABC before any other first aid treatment. This ensures you address the most life-threatening issues first!

psychology Stroke Recognition

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Time is critical! Check face, arms, speech. If any abnormal, call emergency immediately. Note time symptoms started.

FAST - Stroke Recognition

F - Face: Ask to smile, does one side droop?

A - Arms: Raise both arms, does one drift down?

S - Speech: Repeat simple phrase, is speech slurred?

T - Time: Call emergency immediately, note time symptoms began

warning

Time is brain! Every minute counts in stroke treatment. Call emergency services (10177 or 112) immediately if ANY FAST signs are present.

monitor_heart Heart Attack

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Call emergency immediately. Have person sit, rest, stay calm. Give aspirin if available and not allergic. Monitor until help arrives.

WARNING SIGNS - Heart Attack

Chest - Pain, pressure, squeezing feeling

Arms - Pain spreading to arms, back, neck, jaw

Breath - Shortness of breath

Sweat - Cold sweats, nausea, light-headedness

Call emergency services immediately (10177 or 112)

Have person sit down and rest

Loosen tight clothing

Give aspirin (if available and not allergic) to chew slowly

Keep person calm and reassured

Be prepared to perform CPR if person becomes unconscious

vibration Seizures

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Protect from injury, cushion head, turn on side when possible, time the seizure. Don't restrain or put anything in mouth. Call emergency if first seizure or lasts >5 minutes.

STAY - Seizure Response

S - Safe: Clear area of dangerous objects

T - Time: Note start time of seizure

A - Aid breathing: Turn on side after seizure ends

Y - You stay: Remain with person until fully conscious

Stay calm and stay with the person

Move nearby objects that could cause injury

Cushion head with something soft

Time the seizure

Turn person on side when possible (helps breathing)

Don't restrain or put anything in mouth

Stay until person is fully conscious and orientated

warning

Call emergency (10177 or 112) if: seizure lasts >5 minutes, person has multiple seizures, person is injured, pregnant, or has diabetes, or if it's their first seizure.

local_fire_department Fire Safety & Emergency Response

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Get out fast, stay low under smoke, never go back inside. Use correct extinguisher type: Water (A-wood/paper), Foam (B-liquids), CO2 (C-electrical), Powder (multi-purpose).

RACE - Fire Emergency Response

R - Rescue: Remove people from immediate danger

A - Alarm: Activate fire alarm, call emergency services (10177)

C - Contain: Close doors to contain fire and smoke

E - Evacuate/Extinguish: Leave building or fight small fires only

PASS - Using Fire Extinguisher

P - Pull the pin

A - Aim at base of fire (not flames)

S - Squeeze the handle

S - Sweep side to side

output Fire Evacuation Steps

Alert everyone immediately - shout "FIRE!"

Activate fire alarm if available

Call emergency services (10177)

Stay low - crawl under smoke if necessary

Feel doors before opening (hot = fire behind it)

Use stairs, NEVER lifts/elevators

Close doors behind you to slow fire spread

Go to designated meeting point

NEVER go back inside for any reason

STOP, DROP, ROLL - If Clothes Catch Fire

STOP - Don't run (running fans flames)

DROP - Drop to ground immediately

ROLL - Roll back and forth to smother flames

COVER - Cover face with hands while rolling

fire_extinguisher Fire Extinguisher Types & Color Codes

CLASS A

Water / Foam

✓ Wood
✓ Paper
✓ Cloth
✓ Plastics
✓ Ordinary combustibles

Label Color: RED

CLASS B

Foam / CO2

✓ Petrol
✓ Oil
✓ Grease
✓ Paint
✓ Flammable liquids

Label Color: BLUE

CLASS C

CO2 / Dry Powder

✓ Electrical equipment
✓ Wiring
✓ Circuit breakers
✓ Appliances
✓ Electronics

Label Color: YELLOW/CREAM

CLASS D

Dry Powder

✓ Magnesium
✓ Titanium
✓ Sodium
✓ Combustible metals
✓ Metal fires

Label Color: BLUE

CLASS K

Wet Chemical

✓ Cooking oils
✓ Animal fats
✓ Vegetable fats
✓ Kitchen grease
✓ Commercial fryers

Label Color: BLACK

ABC

Multi-Purpose

✓ Most common fires
✓ Wood & paper
✓ Flammable liquids
✓ Electrical
✓ General purpose

Label Color: RED

Recommended for homes

warning

NEVER use water on: Electrical fires (Class C), Grease/oil fires (Class K), or Metal fires (Class D). Wrong extinguisher can make fire worse or cause explosion!

warning

Only fight a fire if: It's small (waste-bin size or smaller), you have proper extinguisher, fire is contained, you have clear exit behind you, and fire department has been called.

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Fire Prevention: Test smoke alarms monthly, keep extinguishers accessible, never overload outlets, don't leave cooking unattended, have escape plan and practise it!

kitchen Kitchen Fire Emergencies

Oil/Grease Fire - DO NOT USE WATER!

1. Turn off heat source immediately

2. Slide lid over pan to smother flames

3. OR use Class K fire extinguisher

4. OR pour bicarbonate of soda on small grease fires

5. Leave lid on until completely cool

6. If fire spreads, evacuate and call emergency (10177)

Oven Fire

1. Keep oven door CLOSED

2. Turn off oven

3. Let fire burn out (lack of oxygen will extinguish it)

4. Don't open door until completely cool

Microwave Fire

1. Keep door CLOSED

2. Turn off microwave

3. Unplug if safe to do so

4. Wait until fire burns out completely

medical_services First Aid Kit Essentials

tips_and_updates In a Nutshell

Keep a basic kit with bandages, gauze, tape, antiseptic, gloves, scissors, pain relievers, and emergency numbers.

Bandages & Dressings
• Adhesive bandages (various sizes)
• Sterile gauze pads
• Roller bandages
• Elastic bandages

Tools & Supplies
• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Safety pins
• Medical tape

Medications
• Pain relievers (Panado/Disprin)
• Antihistamine
• Antiseptic wipes
• Antibiotic ointment

Protection
• Disposable gloves
• Face mask/shield
• Emergency blanket
• Instant cold pack

contact_emergency Emergency Numbers - South Africa

SOUTH AFRICA EMERGENCY NUMBERS

phone
10177
Emergency Services

local_hospital
10177
Ambulance/Medical

local_fire_department
10177
Fire Services

local_police
10111
Police (SAPS)

phone_android
112
Mobile Emergency

healing
0861 123 321
Netcare 911

ER24: 084 124
Poison Information Centre: 0861 555 777

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Programme emergency numbers into your phone. In a crisis, every second counts! 112 works from any mobile phone, even without airtime or SIM card.

When Calling Emergency Services, Provide:

✓ Your exact location (street address, landmarks)

✓ Nature of emergency (fire, medical, accident)

✓ Number of people affected

✓ Condition of injured/affected persons

✓ Your name and callback number

✓ Don't hang up until told to do so

Provincial Emergency Numbers

Western Cape: 021 480 7700

Gauteng: 011 375 5911

KwaZulu-Natal: 031 240 1000

Eastern Cape: 043 711 9111

warning

Important: Always call emergency services FIRST before attempting first aid in serious situations. Early professional help saves lives!

VERSION 2.1 - SOUTH AFRICAN EDITION

For updates and additional resources, visit: klopdisselboom.co.za

This manual is intended as a quick reference guide only and does not replace professional first aid training.

Regularly update your first aid knowledge and skills through certified training courses.

EMERGENCY: 10177 or 112

local_hospital COMPLETE FIRST AID & FIRE SAFETY MANUAL fire_extinguisher

Complete Emergency Reference

menu_book TABLE OF CONTENTS

First Aid Procedures

Fire Safety

favorite CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

air Choking

bloodtype Severe Bleeding

local_fire_department Burns

emergency Shock

healing Fractures & Sprains

checklist Primary Survey (DRABC)

psychology Stroke Recognition

monitor_heart Heart Attack

vibration Seizures

local_fire_department Fire Safety & Emergency Response

output Fire Evacuation Steps

fire_extinguisher Fire Extinguisher Types & Color Codes

kitchen Kitchen Fire Emergencies

medical_services First Aid Kit Essentials

contact_emergency Emergency Numbers - South Africa

Provincial Emergency Numbers